Skip to content

IPVanish Subscription Issues: Beware of Unwanted Charges!

  • by
ipvanish cancel

As a user of IPVanish in the USA, it is essential to be aware of potential issues when canceling your subscription. Failure to cancel properly can result in unwanted charges and financial complications. In this article, I will provide you with important information on how to avoid these issues and protect your finances.

Key Takeaways:

  • Canceling your IPVanish subscription requires careful attention to avoid unwanted charges.
  • Being aware of the cancellation process can help you navigate any potential issues more effectively.
  • Keep an eye on your account after cancellation to ensure there are no unexpected charges.
  • If you encounter problems, contacting IPVanish customer support can provide assistance.
  • Stay informed about VPN scams and fake VPN providers to protect your online privacy and security.

The Importance of Choosing the Right VPN

When it comes to online anonymity and maintaining a secure connection, selecting the right VPN service is of utmost importance. A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, acts as a shield between your device and the internet, encrypting your data and ensuring your online activities remain private. With the increasing risks of cyber threats and surveillance, a reliable VPN can provide the necessary protection to keep your sensitive information safe.

One of the key features to consider when choosing a VPN is its ability to provide online anonymity. A reputable VPN service like IPVanish ensures that your IP address is masked, making it difficult for anyone to track your online activities. By hiding your true location and identity, you can browse the internet with peace of mind, knowing that your privacy is safeguarded.

In addition to online anonymity, a secure connection is essential for protecting your data from hackers and surveillance. A reliable VPN encrypts your internet traffic, making it virtually impossible for anyone to intercept and decipher your information. This added layer of security ensures that your personal and financial data remains confidential, even when using public Wi-Fi networks.

The Importance of Encryption

“Encryption is the key to maintaining your online privacy and ensuring that your sensitive information is secure.”

Furthermore, a trustworthy VPN service offers a wide network of servers in various locations. This allows you to select a server that is geographically closer to your desired location, enhancing your browsing speed and overall internet experience. Whether you need to access region-restricted content or simply want to enjoy seamless streaming, a VPN with a robust server network can meet your needs.

FeaturesBenefits
Online AnonymityProtects your identity and location
Secure ConnectionEncrypts your data and safeguards your information
Wide Server NetworkProvides faster browsing speed and access to region-restricted content

When relying on a VPN for your online security and privacy, it is crucial to choose a reputable provider that prioritizes user safety. By making an informed decision and selecting a VPN service like IPVanish that offers reliable features such as online anonymity and a secure connection, you can confidently browse the internet while knowing that your data is protected.

IPVanish Overview and User Reviews

IPVanish is a highly regarded VPN service with a strong reputation among users. Known for its user-friendly application and competitive pricing, IPVanish offers a range of features that prioritize user experience and data protection. With a large network of servers located in various countries, IPVanish allows users to browse the internet anonymously and securely access blocked websites.

Many users have praised IPVanish for its ease of use and effectiveness in protecting their data. The intuitive interface and straightforward setup process make it accessible to both tech-savvy individuals and beginners. Additionally, IPVanish’s competitive pricing plans provide users with affordable options for their VPN needs.

Table:

User Ratings for IPVanish

CategoryRating
Ease of use4.5/5
Data protection4/5
Server network4.5/5
Customer support4/5

It is important to note that user experiences may vary, and while many users have had positive experiences with IPVanish, some have encountered issues with connectivity or customer support. Nonetheless, IPVanish continues to be a popular choice among VPN users, and its commitment to user satisfaction is evident through regular updates and improvements to their service.

Potential Issues with IPVanish Renewal

While IPVanish is a reputable VPN provider known for its user-friendly interface and effective data protection, some users have encountered issues with the renewal process. One common problem is the automatic renewal system, where subscriptions are renewed without the user’s explicit consent. This can lead to unexpected charges on their accounts, causing frustration and dissatisfaction.

It is important to understand IPVanish’s refund policy to navigate potential issues with renewal. While the company does offer a refund, it may have limitations based on the subscription term chosen. Users should carefully review the terms and conditions to understand the refund eligibility and any associated fees. Additionally, it is advisable to keep track of the renewal date and take proactive measures to prevent automatic renewal if desired.

In case of any problems with the renewal process or unexpected charges, it is recommended to reach out to IPVanish customer support for assistance. Their team can provide guidance on resolving the issue and ensuring a satisfactory outcome. By being proactive and informed, users can navigate the renewal process with ease and avoid any unwanted charges.

Tips for Canceling IPVanish Subscription

If you’re looking to cancel your IPVanish subscription and avoid any unwanted charges, there are a few tips to keep in mind. Following these steps will ensure a smooth cancellation process and help you maintain control over your subscription:

  1. Check the Terms of Service: Start by reviewing the Terms of Service provided by IPVanish. Look for specific instructions on how to cancel your subscription and any requirements or deadlines you need to meet.

  2. Contact IPVanish customer support: If you’re unsure about the cancellation process or need further assistance, don’t hesitate to reach out to IPVanish customer support. They can guide you through the steps and address any questions or concerns you may have.

  3. Disable auto-renewal: It’s essential to disable the auto-renewal feature to prevent your subscription from renewing automatically. This feature can often lead to unexpected charges if not disabled before the next billing cycle.

  4. Monitor your account: After canceling your IPVanish subscription, keep a close eye on your account to ensure that no unexpected charges appear. If you notice any issues, contact customer support immediately to resolve the matter.

By following these tips, you’ll be able to cancel your IPVanish subscription effectively and avoid any unwanted charges. Remember to always review the cancellation process and reach out to customer support if you need assistance.

User Experiences with IPVanish Cancellation Process

Canceling an IPVanish subscription can be a mixed experience for users. While some find it to be a straightforward process, others have faced challenges along the way. User reviews highlight various aspects of the cancellation process, shedding light on the potential difficulties that users may encounter.

Delays in Customer Support Response

One recurring issue that some users have faced is delays in customer support response. There have been instances where users have reached out to IPVanish for assistance with cancellation but have experienced significant waiting times for a resolution. This delay can be frustrating, especially for users eager to cancel their subscription promptly.

Refund Limitations and Dissatisfaction

Another aspect that has disappointed some users is the refund policy of IPVanish. While the company does have a refund policy, it may have limitations based on the subscription term chosen. Some users have expressed dissatisfaction with the terms, as they expected more flexibility or a full refund when canceling their subscription. It is important for potential customers to be aware of these limitations before committing to a subscription.

Mixed Reviews on Ease of Cancellation

When it comes to the ease of the cancellation process itself, user reviews are varied. While some users have found it to be a simple and hassle-free experience, others have faced challenges. These challenges may include difficulties navigating the cancellation steps on the IPVanish website or confusion regarding the necessary actions to complete the cancellation.

Overall, it is crucial for users considering canceling their IPVanish subscription to be aware of these user experiences. While some users have had a smooth cancellation process, others have encountered delays in customer support response, refund limitations, or difficulties with the cancellation steps. By understanding these potential challenges, users can make an informed decision and navigate the cancellation process more effectively.

Uncovering VPN Scams and Fake VPNs

The increasing popularity of VPNs has led to the emergence of numerous VPN scams and fake VPNs that pose a significant threat to online security. It is crucial to be aware of these scams and take necessary precautions to protect yourself from falling victim to their deceptive practices.

VPN scams often lure unsuspecting users with promises of free or extremely cheap services. These scams may collect and sell user data, compromising privacy and exposing sensitive information. Additionally, some fake VPNs inject malware onto devices, putting users at risk of cyberattacks and identity theft.

To avoid falling for VPN scams and fake VPNs, it is essential to conduct thorough research before choosing a VPN provider. Look for reputable VPNs with positive user reviews and a proven track record. Avoid free VPN services that may compromise your privacy and opt for legitimate VPN providers that prioritize data protection and have transparent policies.

“The rise of VPN scams and fake VPNs underscores the importance of staying vigilant and informed. Take the time to research and choose a trusted VPN provider that prioritizes your online security and privacy.”

Signs of VPN Scams and Fake VPNsHow to Protect Yourself
  • Unrealistically low prices
  • Overly aggressive advertising
  • Poorly designed website or app
  • Lack of transparency regarding data logging
  • Negative reviews and reports of suspicious behavior
  • Research and choose reputable VPN providers
  • Read user reviews and check for industry recognition
  • Avoid free VPN services that may compromise privacy
  • Be cautious of overly aggressive advertising
  • Ensure the VPN provider has transparent data logging policies

How to Spot VPN Scams

Spotting VPN scams is crucial in today’s digital landscape. As the demand for VPN services continues to rise, so do the number of fraudulent providers trying to exploit unsuspecting users. To avoid falling victim to these scams and ensure your online privacy and security, here are some key indicators to watch out for:

Unsubstantiated Claims and Questionable Pricing

Be cautious of VPN providers that make exaggerated claims about their services without providing any evidence or testing results. Legitimate VPN providers often showcase their security features, encryption protocols, and independent audits to substantiate their claims. Additionally, be wary of VPNs offering suspiciously low subscription prices or lifetime access, as these may be indicators of fraudulent practices.

Free VPN Services

While the idea of a free VPN may seem enticing, it is important to remember that there is no such thing as a truly free VPN. These services often come with hidden costs, such as logging and selling user data to third parties for advertising purposes. Genuine VPN providers have operational costs, and they need to generate revenue to maintain their infrastructure and provide reliable services.

Scams Targeting Personal Information

Be cautious of VPN providers or websites that request excessive personal information during the signup process. Legitimate VPNs typically only require minimal information, such as an email address and password. If a provider asks for unnecessary personal details, it may be a red flag for potential data misuse or identity theft.

“Protect yourself from falling for fraudulent VPNs by always doing thorough research, reading user reviews from reputable sources, and opting for established VPN providers with a proven track record of privacy and security.”
– Online Security Expert

By staying informed and vigilant, you can avoid fraudulent VPNs and choose a reliable provider that prioritizes your privacy and security. Remember to conduct thorough research, read user reviews from reputable sources, and opt for established VPN providers with a proven track record in safeguarding user data. Protecting your online privacy is essential in today’s digital age, and a trustworthy VPN can be a valuable tool in achieving that goal.

Indicators of VPN ScamsHow to Avoid Fraudulent VPNs
Unsubstantiated claims and questionable pricingResearch and look for independent audits
Free VPN servicesUnderstand the hidden costs and risks
Scams targeting personal informationProvide only necessary and minimal details

The Risks of Using Free VPNs

Free VPNs may seem like an attractive option, but they come with significant risks that can compromise your online privacy and security. One of the main concerns is data logging. Many free VPN providers log user data, including your browsing history, IP address, and even personal information. This data can be sold to third parties for advertising or other purposes, exposing you to potential privacy violations.

Furthermore, free VPNs often lack the robust encryption and security measures provided by paid VPN services. This means that your sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card details, may be vulnerable to hackers and cybercriminals. Without proper encryption, your data can be intercepted and used maliciously, putting your online identity and financial well-being at risk.

“When using a free VPN, remember that you are the product. Your data is valuable, and the provider may have ulterior motives for offering the service for free.”

Additionally, free VPNs may subject you to intrusive advertisements and pop-ups, which can be both annoying and potentially unsafe. These ads may contain malware or phishing attempts, aiming to trick you into revealing sensitive information or installing malicious software on your device.

The Importance of Prioritizing Paid VPN Services

To mitigate these risks, it is highly recommended to prioritize paid VPN services over free alternatives. Paid VPNs typically have stronger privacy policies, no data logging practices, and advanced security features to safeguard your online activities. By investing in a reputable VPN service like IPVanish, you can ensure that your data remains private and secure, giving you peace of mind while browsing the internet.

Risks of Using Free VPNsPaid VPN Services
Data logging and selling user informationNo data logging and strict privacy policies
Lack of encryption and security featuresAdvanced encryption and robust security measures
Potential exposure to malware and phishing attempts through intrusive adsNo intrusive advertisements and enhanced protection against online threats

The Dangers of Fake VPNs

Using a fake VPN can have serious consequences for your privacy and online security. These deceptive services often collect and misuse your personal data, putting you at risk of identity theft and financial fraud. Fake VPNs may also inject malware onto your devices, compromising your data even further. It is crucial to be aware of the privacy risks associated with fake VPNs and take steps to protect yourself.

When you use a fake VPN, you might think you’re protecting your privacy, but in reality, you’re exposing yourself to even greater risks. These services may log your online activity and sell it to third parties for advertising purposes. Your sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card details, could be vulnerable to hackers. By using a legitimate VPN provider, you can ensure your data remains secure and confidential.

“Choosing a reputable VPN is essential for maintaining your privacy online. Fake VPNs can compromise your data and put your personal information at risk. It’s important to do thorough research and read user reviews before choosing a VPN service.”

Remember, if something seems too good to be true, it probably is. Be cautious of free VPNs or services that offer unrealistic features. Do your due diligence and choose a legitimate VPN provider that has a proven track record in protecting user privacy. By staying informed and aware of the dangers of fake VPNs, you can make more informed decisions to safeguard your online privacy.

RiskConsequence
Data LoggingYour online activity may be logged and sold to third parties, compromising your privacy.
Malware InjectionFake VPNs may inject malware onto your devices, putting your data at risk.
Identity TheftYour personal information can be used for identity theft and financial fraud.
No EncryptionFake VPNs may not provide reliable encryption, leaving your sensitive information vulnerable to hackers.
Deceptive PracticesFake VPNs engage in deceptive practices, misleading users and compromising their online security.

Identifying VPN Review Scams

When looking for a reliable VPN service, it is crucial to be aware of VPN review scams that can mislead users. These scams often involve fake reviews that promote a particular VPN while hiding any negative aspects. To make informed decisions, it is important to identify and avoid such scams. Here are some tips to help you spot VPN review scams:

  1. Look for inconsistencies: Pay attention to ratings and reviews that seem too biased or overly positive. Genuine reviews often provide a balanced perspective, highlighting both strengths and weaknesses of a VPN service.
  2. Rely on reputable sources: Look for reviews from trusted sources, such as technology websites or forums where users share their experiences. These sources are more likely to provide unbiased information.
  3. Do thorough research: Take the time to research multiple sources and compare reviews. This will help you identify patterns and ensure you get a more accurate picture of the VPN service.
  4. Consider different perspectives: Don’t rely solely on one review or opinion. Look for a variety of viewpoints to get a comprehensive understanding of the VPN service.

By being vigilant and critical, you can protect yourself from falling for VPN review scams and make an informed decision when choosing a VPN service.

“When reading VPN reviews, it is essential to look for inconsistencies and rely on reputable sources to avoid falling victim to fake reviews.” – Anonymous

Ensuring Data Privacy with Legitimate VPN Providers

When it comes to protecting your data privacy, choosing a legitimate VPN provider is essential. Legitimate VPN providers prioritize the security and privacy of their users’ data, offering transparent policies and robust encryption protocols. By selecting a reputable VPN service like IPVanish, you can enhance your online privacy and safeguard your sensitive information.

Legitimate VPN providers follow strict data protection practices, ensuring that your personal data is not compromised. They have robust security measures in place, such as no-logs policies, which means they do not track or store any information about your online activities. This commitment to privacy gives you peace of mind, knowing that your browsing history, IP address, and other sensitive data remain private and protected.

Furthermore, legitimate VPN providers are transparent about how they handle user data. They have clear privacy policies that outline their data collection practices, how they use the collected information, and any third parties they may share it with. This transparency allows you to make an informed decision about the level of privacy you can expect from a VPN service.

Benefits of Choosing a Legitimate VPN Provider:

  • Data encryption: Legitimate VPN providers use advanced encryption protocols to secure your internet connection. This prevents unauthorized access to your data, protecting it from hackers and surveillance.
  • Reliable service: Legitimate VPN providers have a proven track record of providing a reliable and stable service. They invest in maintaining a robust network infrastructure to ensure seamless and uninterrupted browsing.
  • Access to global content: Legitimate VPN providers have servers in various countries, allowing you to bypass geo-restrictions and access content from around the world. Whether you want to stream your favorite shows or access blocked websites, a legitimate VPN can help you achieve that.

In conclusion, your data privacy is of utmost importance, especially in today’s digital landscape. By choosing a legitimate VPN provider like IPVanish, you can ensure that your data remains private and secure. With their commitment to transparency and robust security measures, legitimate VPN providers offer a trustworthy solution for protecting your online privacy.

Best Practices for VPN Usage and Online Security

Ensuring online security and protecting your data is of utmost importance in today’s digital landscape. By following these best practices for VPN usage and online security, you can enhance your protection and minimize the risk of falling victim to cyber threats.

1. Choose a Reliable and Trustworthy VPN Provider

When selecting a VPN service, opt for a reputable provider that prioritizes your privacy and security. Look for features like strong encryption, a strict no-logs policy, and a wide network of servers. Doing thorough research and reading user reviews can help you make an informed decision.

2. Regularly Update Your Devices and Software

Keeping your devices and software up to date is crucial for maintaining optimal security. Updates often include important security patches and bug fixes that address known vulnerabilities. Set your devices and applications to automatically update or regularly check for updates manually.

3. Use Strong and Unique Passwords

Using strong and unique passwords for all your online accounts adds an extra layer of protection. Make sure your passwords are long, contain a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters, and avoid using easily guessable information like birthdays or names. Consider using a password manager to securely store and generate strong passwords for you.

4. Be Cautious of Phishing Attempts

Phishing is a common tactic used by cybercriminals to trick individuals into divulging sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Be wary of suspicious emails, messages, or websites that request personal information or prompt you to click on unfamiliar links. Always verify the legitimacy of the source before sharing any sensitive data.

Remember, online security is a continuous process, and staying informed about evolving threats is essential. By following these best practices and staying vigilant, you can protect your online privacy and enjoy a safer digital experience.

The Importance of Protecting Personal Identifying Information

In today’s digital age, where cybercrimes are on the rise, it is more important than ever to protect our personal identifying information. Our sensitive data, such as Social Security numbers, addresses, and financial details, are valuable assets that can be exploited by cybercriminals for financial gain. By taking proactive measures to safeguard our personal information, we can minimize the risk of identity theft and maintain our cybersecurity.

The Risks of Identity Theft

Identity theft occurs when someone steals our personal identifying information and uses it without our permission to commit fraud or other criminal activities. The consequences of identity theft can be severe and long-lasting, leading to financial loss, damage to our reputation, and even legal issues. Cybercriminals can use our stolen information to open fraudulent accounts, make unauthorized purchases, and apply for loans or credit cards in our name.

To protect ourselves from identity theft, it is crucial to be cautious when sharing personal information online. Avoid providing sensitive data to untrusted websites or individuals, and be wary of phishing attempts or scams that aim to trick you into revealing personal information. Additionally, using a reliable Virtual Private Network (VPN) can encrypt our internet connection and add an extra layer of security when accessing the web.

Protecting Personal Identifying Information

There are several proactive steps we can take to safeguard our personal identifying information:

  1. Use strong and unique passwords for all online accounts.
  2. Enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.
  3. Regularly monitor bank and credit card statements for any suspicious activity.
  4. Be cautious of sharing personal information on social media platforms.
  5. Keep devices and software up to date with the latest security patches.
  6. Encrypt sensitive files and documents stored on our devices.

By implementing these best practices, we can significantly reduce the risk of our personal identifying information falling into the wrong hands. It is essential to prioritize our cybersecurity and remain vigilant in an increasingly digital world.

Protecting Personal Identifying InformationBest Practices
Use strong and unique passwords for all online accounts.Ensure passwords are a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters.
Enable two-factor authentication whenever possible.Add an extra layer of security by requiring a verification code in addition to a password.
Regularly monitor bank and credit card statements for any suspicious activity.Report any unauthorized transactions immediately to your financial institution.
Be cautious of sharing personal information on social media platforms.Limit the personal information you share publicly and adjust privacy settings accordingly.
Keep devices and software up to date with the latest security patches.Regularly install updates to protect against known vulnerabilities.
Encrypt sensitive files and documents stored on our devices.Use encryption tools to secure sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access.

In conclusion, protecting our personal identifying information is vital to maintaining our cybersecurity and minimizing the risk of identity theft. By being cautious of sharing personal information, using strong passwords, enabling two-factor authentication, and staying up to date with security best practices, we can enhance our online safety. Remember, safeguarding our personal data is an ongoing effort that requires constant vigilance and proactive measures.

Conclusion

Canceling an IPVanish subscription requires careful consideration and following the recommended process. As users in the USA face issues when trying to cancel their subscriptions, it is vital to be aware of the potential risks of incurring unwanted charges. By understanding the importance of choosing the right VPN service, such as IPVanish, users can prioritize online anonymity and a secure connection, protecting their privacy and ensuring their data remains safe from hackers and surveillance.

While IPVanish is known for its user-friendly application and competitive pricing, users have experienced potential issues with automatic renewal, leading to unexpected charges on their accounts. To avoid such complications, it is essential to follow tips for canceling an IPVanish subscription, including checking the Terms of Service, contacting customer support, canceling auto-renewal, and monitoring account activity post-cancellation.

Furthermore, users have shared their experiences with the IPVanish cancellation process, highlighting both positive and negative aspects. By being informed about these experiences, individuals can make more educated decisions regarding their subscriptions. Additionally, it is crucial to remain vigilant against VPN scams and fake VPNs that prey on unsuspecting users. By choosing a legitimate VPN provider, like IPVanish, and implementing best security practices, users can enhance their online privacy and protect themselves from potential risks.

In conclusion, canceling an IPVanish subscription and maintaining online privacy requires careful attention. By understanding the potential risks, choosing a reliable VPN service, and adopting best security practices, users can navigate the digital landscape more safely, protecting their privacy and ensuring a secure online experience.

FAQ

What should I do if I want to cancel my IPVanish subscription?

To cancel your IPVanish subscription, follow these steps: 1) Check the Terms of Service for cancellation instructions, 2) Contact IPVanish customer support for assistance, 3) Ensure you have canceled the auto-renewal feature, and 4) Monitor your account for any unexpected charges after cancellation.

Are there any issues with IPVanish’s automatic renewal system?

Some users have reported issues with IPVanish’s automatic renewal system, where subscriptions are renewed without their approval. This can result in unexpected charges on their accounts. It is important to be aware of this and take appropriate steps to avoid any financial complications.

What are users’ experiences with the IPVanish cancellation process?

Users have shared mixed experiences with the IPVanish cancellation process. While some have found it to be straightforward and hassle-free, others have faced challenges, such as delays in response from customer support or difficulties in obtaining refunds. It is important to be aware of these experiences when considering canceling your IPVanish subscription.

How can I spot VPN scams and fake VPN providers?

To spot VPN scams and fake VPN providers, look out for red flags such as free VPN services, fake providers, unsubstantiated claims, questionable pricing, and scams targeting personal information. Additionally, be wary of review websites that may be biased or unreliable. Thorough research and vigilance are crucial in avoiding falling victim to fraudulent VPNs.

What are the risks of using free VPNs?

Free VPNs pose significant risks to users’ privacy and security. These services often engage in data logging and selling user data to third parties for advertising purposes. Additionally, free VPNs may not provide reliable encryption, leaving sensitive information vulnerable to hackers. It is crucial to prioritize paid VPN services for better protection.

What are the dangers of fake VPNs?

Fake VPNs can pose serious dangers to users’ privacy. They may collect and misuse user data, inject malware onto devices, and engage in deceptive practices. These actions can compromise online security and expose users to various risks, including identity theft and financial fraud. Avoiding fake VPNs is crucial for maintaining privacy and staying safe online.

How can I identify VPN review scams?

VPN review scams can mislead users and steer them towards unreliable or fraudulent VPN services. These scams often involve fake reviews that promote a particular VPN while hiding any negative aspects. To identify review scams, look for inconsistencies in ratings and reviews, and rely on reputable sources for unbiased information.

How can I ensure data privacy with legitimate VPN providers?

Legitimate VPN providers prioritize data privacy and establish transparent policies regarding data logging and usage. These providers have proven their trustworthiness through user reviews and industry recognition. By choosing a legitimate VPN provider like IPVanish, you can enhance your online privacy and protect your sensitive information.

What are the best practices for VPN usage and online security?

Alongside using a reliable VPN service, there are several best practices for online security that users should follow. These include regularly updating devices and software, using strong and unique passwords, being cautious of phishing attempts, and avoiding suspicious websites and downloads. Implementing these practices can further enhance your online security.

Why is it important to protect personal identifying information?

Protecting personal identifying information is crucial in the digital age, where cybercriminals seek to exploit vulnerabilities for financial gain. By using VPNs, implementing strong passwords, and being cautious of sharing personal information online, individuals can safeguard their identities and reduce the risk of identity theft.

Source Links

Tags:

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *